Conclusion: Inappropriate use of pulmonary auscultation terms describing adventitious sounds remains common and widespread in Brazilian medical publications.Īuscultation Lung/physiopathology Lung diseases/diagnosis Respiratory sounds Terminology In addition, there were no significant differences among the various regions of the country or between the periods prior to and after the dissemination of international nomenclature. No significant difference was observed between the inappropriate use of terms by pulmonologists and that observed for other specialists (56.5% versus 62.0% p = 0.26). Results: We found that the inappropriate use of terms was more frequent when intermittent sounds were described than when continuous sounds were described (87.7% versus 44.0% p = 0.0000). The appropriateness of terms used to describe adventitious sounds was assessed. Original articles and case reports about respiratory diseases were selected, and auscultation terminology was extracted from these articles. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted, evaluating three medical journals: the Jornal de Pneumologia (Journal of Pulmonology), Jornal de Pediatria (Journal of Pediatrics) and Revista Brasileira de Medicina (Brazilian Journal of Medicine). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing 2022.Objective: To evaluate the appropriateness of the use of auscultation terminology in Brazilian respiratory disease-related medical journals published between January of 1980 and December of 2003. Missed lung cancer: when, where, and why? Diagn Interv Radiol. Signs and Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.Ĭiello A del, Franchi P, Contegiacomo A, Cicchetti G, Bonomo L, Larici AR.
Pertussis: What RTs Need to Know.Īmerican Cancer Society. Warning Signs of Lung Disease.Īmerican Association for Respiratory Care.
Mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.Īhmed S, Athar M. Sarkar M, Madabhavi I, Niranjan N, Dogra M. D-dimer blood test: This checks for a pulmonary embolism.Complete blood count (CBC): This is a standard blood test.Bronchoscopy: Doctors insert a scope with a camera into your lungs.Laryngoscopy: A tube is inserted through the mouth to view the voice box.Sputum cytology/culture: This test checks for bacterial infections.Lung plethysmography: Doctors use this to check for restrictive lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Pulmonary function tests: These measure how well your lungs work.Arterial blood gases (ABGs): This shows how well your lungs move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide.Oximetry: This measures oxygen levels in the blood.Ventilation/perfusion (VQ) scan: Doctors can see airways and blood flow to the lungs.Chest CT scan: To look for tumors, foreign bodies, and much more.Lateral soft tissue X-ray of the neck: This shows adenoids and tonsils when they're enlarged, the oral and nasal airways, part of the trachea (windpipe), and the epiglottis.For example, about 30% of missed lung cancers occur due to scanning errors when reading chest X-rays. Chest X-ray: It's important to note that while a chest X-ray can be very helpful in diagnosis, a negative chest X-ray can't necessarily rule out several lung conditions.Mental status: Confusion or loss of consciousness may occur due to low oxygen levels ( hypoxia).Gum disease/dental decay: Dental infections and decay may suggest a lung abscess or aspiration pneumonia.
Lymph nodes: Enlarged lymph nodes just above the collar bones (supraclavicular lymph nodes) or neck (cervical lymph nodes) may be associated with lung cancer or lymphomas in the chest.
Use of accessory muscles: The diaphragm is the primary muscle used in breathing, but with respiratory distress, the use of accessory muscles in the neck and chest can sometimes be a telltale sign of trouble.Nasal flaring: Widening of the nostrils with breathing may be a sign of difficulty breathing in children and adults who are unable to describe their symptoms.Clubbing is associated with lung disease, especially lung cancer or interstitial lung disease, though it can sometimes also be seen in healthy people. Clubbing: This describes fingers that take on an upside-down spoon appearance.Cyanosis refers to a bluish appearance of the fingers, lips, and mouth that is associated with low oxygen content in the blood.
#Sibilant rhonchi lung sounds skin
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